Ans) The national income of a country is generally the sum of the value of all the goods and services produced in a year. It is the sum in which the machinery used for the production of goods and services and the wear and tear of capital is deducted and net factor income received from abroad is added.

Ans) The concept of Human Development Index is based on the belief that the people living in a nation are the real assets of that nation. The basic objective of economic development is to create an environment in which people can enjoy long, healthy and creative lives.

Ans) National development means increase in per capita income and increase the economy on its own capacity.

Ans) Economic development is a continuous process under which all possible efforts are made for the economic, social and industrial development of the nation and the available’ resources of the nation are exploited to maximum possibility.

Ans) Infant Mortality Rate (or IMR) indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year.

Ans)  Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.

Ans) It is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.

Ans) Life Expectancy at birth denotes the average, expected length of life of a person at the time of birth or it can be said that in a country when a child is born then how many years are expected if his/her life? This is only called life expectancy at birth. In the year 2019, Life expectancy at birth was 69.7 years.

Ans) Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income whereas the criterion of the World Bank is based on per capita income.

Ans) The essence of sustainable development is that the resources spent in the development process are met so that in future also they are available for resource development in the same way as they have been available earlier.

Ans) When total income of a country is divided by its total population, the result derived is called per capita income. It is also called average income.

Ans) Human development is a process that expands people’s choices and improves their lives by enhancing capabilities such as health, education and access to resources, thereby enabling them to lead meaningful lives.

Ans) The Human Development Index (HDI) is a single index measure that aims to encompass three key dimensions of human development: access to knowledge, a decent standard of living, and a long and healthy life. In other words, the HDI is used to measure how development has improved human life.

Ans) The body mass index (BMI) is a health indicator that measures the amount of body fat based on a person’s weight and height. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight (in kilograms) by the square of their height (in meters). The resulting BMI number helps classify individuals as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese, serving as a screening tool to check for potential weight-related health problems.