Ans) More than half of the total forest land in India has been declared as reserved forests. Reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned.

Ans) Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan have a bulk of protected forests.

Ans) The plants and other organisms in an ecosystem are closely related. Humans are also dependent on vegetation and animals of the ecosystem for his own existence and development. Disturbance in the ecosystem can create serious consequences. Thus, it is essential to conserve the ecosystem.

Ans) Buddha said, “The tree is a peculiar organism of unlimited kindness and benevolence and makes no demand for its sustenance, and extends generously the products of its life activity. It affords protection to all beings, offering shade even to the axeman who destroys it.”

Ans) The collective form of living beings with their surrounding physical environment is called an ecosystem.

Ans) Sanctuaries are similar to national parks. These are natural places for preserving the wildlife and protecting the species. Here, hunting is banned without permission.

Ans) Its functions are to collect data and information, broadcast technical information, Ans. The central government established the Central Forest Commission in 1965. study the market and coordinate the functions of the institutions working for the forest development.

Ans) Natural vegetation refers to a plant community, which has grown naturally without human interference.

Ans) A biosphere reserve is a protected area that conserves biodiversity and promotes sustainable development, balancing the preservation of ecosystems and wildlife with the needs of local communities and human use. 

Ans) Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a government-supported partnership between forest departments and local communities in India, formalised in 1988, that aims to collaboratively conserve and manage forest resources.

Ans) The Chipko movement was a non-violent environmental activism movement in the Himalayan region of India in the 1970s, in which villagers, especially women, hugged trees to prevent their felling for commercial use.

Ans) A national park is a protected area set aside and managed by a country’s government to preserve its natural environment, wildlife, and scenic beauty for public enjoyment and conservation. These areas provide a natural habitat for animals and plants, often safeguarding endangered species, while also serving educational, inspirational, and recreational purposes.