Ans) Plantation is a type of commercial farming. In this type of farming: –

1. A single crop is grown on a large area.
2. Plantations cover large tracts of land, using capital intensive inputs, with the help of migrant labourers.

Ans) Cotton, jute, hemp, and natural silk are the four major fiber crops grown in India. The first three are derived from the crops grown in the soil; the latter is obtained from cocoons of the silkworms fed on green leaves of mulberry trees.

Ans) Sugarcane is an important commercial crop. Sugarcane is used to make sugar. Due to its use in sugar industry, it now becomes an important money giving agricultural product.

Ans) Jute is called as the golden fibre of India because its fibre shines like gold. Due to its much uses, inexpensiveness, and trade importance, it is called as the golden fibre.

Ans) Tea, coffee and coco are important beverage crops of India.

Ans) Rabi Crops: Wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard are some major rabi crops.

Kharif Crops: Rice, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean are some kharif crops.

Ans) Cash crops or commercial crops are those crops which are not produced for direct subsistence, but they are sold for obtaining cash. These crops mainly include cotton, tea, coffee, oilseeds, soyabean, sugarcane, tobacco, rubber etc.

Ans) In between the rabi and the kharif seasons, crops grown during the summer months are known as the zaid crops. Major crops produced during ‘zaid’ are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops.

Ans) Rice is major staple food crop of India. It grows in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions. Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tubewells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.

Ans) In India, this primitive form of cultivation is called ‘Bewar’ or ‘Dahiya’ in (2023) Madhya Pradesh, ‘Podu’ or ‘Penda’ in Andhra Pradesh, ‘Pama Dabi’ or ‘Koman’ or Bringa in Odisha, Kumari’ in Western Ghats, ‘Valre’ or ‘Waltre’ in South-eastern Rajasthan, ‘Khil’ in the Himalayan belt, Kuruwa’ in Jharkhand and Jhumming’ in the North-eastern region.

Ans)

1. It is practised with modern agricultural tools and machines.
2. Higher production is obtained with the use of high doses of modern inputs such as high yielding variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides.

Ans) See Any two points of Answer of Q. 4 of Long Answer Type question under the heading Primitive Subsistence Farming’.

Ans) Rice is grown as a commercial crop in Punjab and Haryana, while in Odisha it is grown as a subsistence crop.

Ans) It is still practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hole and digging sticks, and family/community labor. It is slash-and-burn agriculture.

Ans)

1. This type of farming depends upon monsoons, natural fertility of the soil, and other environmental conditions suitable for the crop to grow.
2. Land productivity in this type of agriculture is low as the farmers does not use fertilizers or other modern inputs.

Ans) Sugarcane, coffee, tea, soyabeen.

Ans)

Ans) Jowar, bajra, ragi, maize.