Ans) This was a law according to which any person could be detained and imprisoned for two years without any trial. It was implemented in 1919. The main purpose of the Rowlatt Act was to suppress national movements. Therefore, Gandhiji widely opposed this act.

Ans) Boycott means refusing to interact with people, associate with them, participate in any activities, or buy and use things. It is usually a form of protest.

Ans) A picket is a form of demonstration or protest by which people block the entrance to a shop, factory, or office.

Ans) During colonial rule, many people were sent to countries like Fiji, Guyana, West Indies etc. for work. Later they came to be known as indentured labourers. They were taken on contract. Later these contracts came to be known as indentured labourers, due to which the labourers came to be known as indentured labourers.

Ans) Bardoli Satyagraha – In 1928, Vallabhbhai Patel led a peasant movement in protest against the rising land revenue in the Bardoli taluka of Gujarat. It is known as the Bardoli Satyagraha and was successful under the able leadership of Vallabhbhai Patel. The struggle received wide publicity and immense sympathy in many parts of India.

Ans) Lala Lajpat Rai was attacked by the British police during a peaceful demonstration against the Simon Commission. He died due to the injuries sustained during the demonstration.

Ans) The Simon Commission was boycotted because all its members were British, and there was not a single Indian representative in it.

Ans) Jawaharlal Nehru presided over the annual session of the Congress held in Lahore in December 1929. Here, the goal of ‘Purna Swaraj’ or complete independence was adopted, and it was decided to launch a civil disobedience movement to achieve it.

Ans) Mahatma Gandhi had said in his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909) that the British rule in India was established with the cooperation of Indians and this rule is able to run only because of this cooperation. If the people of India withdraw their cooperation, then within a year the British rule will collapse and Swaraj will be established.

Ans) On 5 February 1922, the police opened fire on the mob in Chauri Chaura village near Gorakhpur. When the bullets ran out, the policemen locked themselves in the police station. The mob set the police station on fire, killing 22 policemen. Gandhi believed in a non-violent movement. He was deeply shocked by this violent incident and suspended the non-cooperation movement.

Ans) Khilafat Movement – The Khilafat Movement was started against the injustice done to Turkey at the end of the First World War. The Ali brothers of India (Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali) started the Khilafat Movement in support of that movement.

Non-Cooperation Movement – In 1920, the Congress under the leadership of Gandhiji adopted a new program of non-cooperation. Its main objectives were the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the Rowlatt Act, opposition to the sycophantic behavior of the British, and the attainment of Swaraj.

Ans) The Simon Commission was boycotted because all its members were British and there was not a single Indian representative in it.