Ans)

Democratic Countries	Non Democratic Countries
In democratic countries, there is freedom for opposition party to work and enjoy political rights.	There is no role of opposition party. No one can speak against the government
In democratic countries, people have fundamental rights, granted by government.	In non-democratic countries, people are not given any rights.
In democracy, people can criticize their government because they have freedom of expression.	In non-democratic countries, there is no freedom of expression.
In democratic countries, after a certain period, people can change their leaders through elections.	In non-democratic countries, there are no elections so they cannot change their leader.
In democratic countries, freedom is given to media. Media can even criticize the policies of government.	There are various forms of restrictions on media in non-democratic countries.

Ans)

1. Democracies are based on political equality. All individuals have equal weight in electing representatives. Parallel to the process of bringing individuals into the political arena on an equal footing, we find growing economic inequalities.
2. A small number of ultra-rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth and incomes. Not only this, their share in the total income of the country has been increasing.
3. Those at the bottom of the society have very little to depend upon. Their incomes have been declining. Sometimes they find it difficult to meet their basic needs of life, such as food, clothing, house, education and health.
4. The poor constitute a large proportion of our voters and no party will like to lose their votes.
5. Yet democratically elected governments do not appear to be as keen to address the question of poverty as you would expect them to.
6. The situation is much worse in some other countries. In Bangladesh, more than half of its population lives in poverty. People in several poor countries are now dependent on the rich countries even for food supplies.

Therefore in real life, democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing economic inequalities.

Ans) Democracy produces an accountable, responsive and legitimate government in following manner:-

1. The most basic outcome of democracy should be that it produces a government that is accountable to the citizens, and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens.
2. Democracy is a system of government in which the government is run by elected representatives of the people. The government, elected by citizens is responsible for citizens) Democracy gives its citizens the right to information about the government and its functioning.
3. A democratic government is a legitimate government as it is elected by citizens. The political party who is in majority, forms the government. Other parties are considered as opposition party.
4. In Democracy, the citizens can take part in decision making of government. Political parties and pressure groups have the right to criticize the policies of government, this is the reason the government takes into account the sentiments of the public before taking any decision, due to which the government remains responsible.

Ans) Democracy does not allow people to be discriminated against based on caste, religion, gender, race, but accommodates all the social diversities of a country. There are two conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities :-

1. It is necessary to understand that democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion. The majority always needs to work with the minority so that governments function to represent the general view. Majority and minority opinions are not permanent.
2. It is also necessary that rule by majority does not become rule by majority community in terms of religion or race or linguistic group, etc. Democracy remains democracy only as long as every citizen has a chance of being in majority at some point of time. If someone is barred from being in majority on the basis of birth, they the democratic rule ceases to be accommodative for that person or group.