Ans) The role of citizens in democracy are:-

1. Citizens are alert regarding the issues and problems the country is facing.
2. Citizens exercise their rights and freedoms and get benefitted from democratic set-up.
3. They cooperate in maintaining law and order.
4. They are aware of their rights and duties.

Ans) The expected outcomes from democracy are as follows:-

1. A government that is chosen and accountable to the people is called democratic government.
2. A government that is responsive to the needs of the people.
3. Democracies accommodate various social divisions.
4. It ensures the freedom and nobility (sublimity) of citizens.

Ans) A democracy must fulfill two conditions in order to achieve this outcome:-

1. It is necessary to understand that democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion. The majority always needs to work with the minority so that governments function to represent the general view. Majority and minority opinions are not permanent.
2. It is also necessary that rule by majority does not become rule by majority community in terms of religion or race or linguistic group etc. Rule by majority means that in case of every decision or in case of every election, different persons and groups citizen has a chance of being in majority at some point of time. and can form a majority. Democracy remains democracy only as long as every citizen has a chance of being in majority at some point of time.

Ans) Democracy is considered better because it:-

1. Promotes equality among citizens.
2. Enhances the dignity of an individual.
3. Improves the quality of decision-making.
4. Provides a method to resolve conflicts.
5. Allows room to correct mistakes.

Ans) A democratic government is people’s own government. That is why there is an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world. As the accompanying evidence from South Asia shows, the support exists in countries with democratic regimes as well as countries without democratic regimes. People wish to be ruled by representatives elected by them. They also believe that democracy is suitable for their country) Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that cannot be ignored.

Ans) The main reasons which describe the success of democracy in India are:-

1. Democracy provides legitimate governance.
2. It helps the government to adapt to social differences.
3. Democracy is responsible and accountable.
4. Transparency of democracy.

Ans) Table given below expresses the rates of economic growth for different
countries:-

Type of regimes and countries	Growth rate
All democratic regimes	3.95
All dictatorial regimes	4.42
Poor countries under dictatorship	4.34
Poor countries under democracy	4.28

It is clear from the table that dictatorships have slightly higher rate of economic growth but if we compare only the records of poor countries, then there is hardly any difference.

1. Following a High Court directive a temple in Orissa that had separate entry doors for dalits and non-dalits allowed entry for all from the same door.
2. A large number of farmers are committing suicide in different states of India.
3. Following allegation of killing of three civilians in Gandwara in a fake encounter by Jammu and Kashmir police, an enquiry has been ordered.   

Ans) The challenges to democracy in the following descriptions are:-

1. The challenge to democracy in the first statement is to eliminate the inequalities that are based on castes. So in a temple it was allowed entry for all from the same door.
2. A large number of farmers are committing suicide in different states of India shows financial distress. The challenge to democracy in the second instance is that it should implement the scheme to provide financial assistance to poor farmers and to give loans at low interest.
3. Killing of three civilians in a fake encounter by Jammu and Kashmir police is totally undemocratic. For this the government should immediately investigate. The challenge to democracy is to preserve the people’s trust in government arms like the police.

Ans)

1. It is expected that the democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens to take part in decision making and be accountable itself.
2. It is the right of the citizens to expect democracy to produce a government that follows procedures. They can even find out.
3. The procedures and decision-making process should be transparent for democratic government to be accountable to the people.

Ans) Following are the features of democracy:-

1. In a democracy, rulers are elected by the people because they represent the people and are authorized to make decisions on their behalf.
2. In a democracy, free and fair elections give people the opportunity and choice to elect their representatives.
3. A good democracy protect rights to the people.
4. A good democracy works for the common goals of the people and give them equal opportunities for development.

Ans) Following are the reasons to show how democracy considered a better form of government are:-

1. It is more accountable form of government and respond to the needs of the people.
2. Democracy is based on the principal of quality, which recognise that the poor and the least educated have the same state as a rich and educated and enhance dignity of citizens.
3. In any society, people are bound to have different opinions and interests, and democracy provides a way to deal with differences and conflicts.
4. Democracy is better than other form of government because it allows to correct its own mistake.

Ans) Democratic government considered less efficient for the following reasons:-

1. It takes a lot of time to think and discuss in the legislature.
2. The fear of the majority and public opinion is a major obstacle to the government functioning well.
3. Once a decision is made, many socio-political and socio-economic issues arise during its implementation, which destroy much of the usefulness and make democracy less useful.

Ans) The three different forms of economic equality in democratic country are:-

1. A small number of wealthy individuals contribute significantly to health and income, and their share in the country’s total income is also increasing.
2. People who are becoming poorer and poorer are not able to fulfill even their basic needs like food, clothing, house, electricity etc.
3. In many countries, people are now dependent on rich countries even for food.

Ans) Democracy stands much superior of dignity and freedom of the citizens and justice for the people, it is evident from the following factors:-

1. Often there are conflicts between people and they feel that they are not treated with the right respect.
2. In most societies, men were dominant and the status of women was not satisfactory, in democracy equal treatment and respect for women has been accepted.
3. Democracy in India has strengthened the claims of backward and discriminated castes for equal status and equal opportunities.