Ans) Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. In such cases, the topsoil is washed away. This is known as sheet erosion.

Ans) Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast. Three main features of this type of soil are:-

1. The Alluvial soil contains sand, silt and clay in various proportions.
2. It is the most fertile soil.
3. This soil is composed of an adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid, and lime.

Ans) The following steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas:-

1. Contour ploughing
2. Terrace farming
3. Strip cropping

Ans) Land degradation is a human-induced or natural process that reduces the ability of land to function effectively in an ecosystem, i.e., the biological and economic productivity of the land decreases.  The production of crops reduces per hectare.

Ans) The process of eroding and wearing away of topsoil is known as soil erosion.

Ans) The process of blowing away loose soil from plains or slopes by wind is called soil erosion.

Ans) Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This is called contour ploughing.

Ans) Everything available in our environment which can be used to meet our needs, provided it is technologically accessible, is a ‘resource’.

Ans) Sustainable economic development means development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise the needs of future generations.

Ans) Soil conservation is a method used to protect the soil from erosion or degradation. A growing population leads to the large-scale destruction of natural resources; therefore, it is necessary to halt this destruction through effective soil conservation.

Ans) Old alluvial soil is called bangar. It is an ancient soil formed by rivers. It is found in the areas beyond the floodplains that lie more upland. Bangar is the grey clayey soil. It is less fertile. It usually consists of kanker nodules (Calcium Carbonate).

Ans) The soils found in India are:-

1. Alluvial Soil
2. Black or Regular soil
3. Red Soil
4. Lateral Soil
5. Arid Soil
6. Forest Soil